Mycoheterotrophic plants (MHP) lack chlorophyll and mostly have
reduced shoots, leaves and roots, sometimes hardly resempling a plant
at all. They tend to grow on the floor of deeply shaded tropical rain
forests and it is no surprise that they are mostly found by
mycologists. Assimilation of carbohydrates via photosynthesis is
impossible and wouldn't make much sense either in these habitats,
hence, another source of carbon is necessary. MHP have long been
misinterpreted as parasitic flowering plants, actively penetrating
neighbouring plants with haustoria in order to participate from their
host's assimilates. They have also been considered as 'saprophytes',
but the breakdown of dead organic material is (as far as we know)
impossible for plants. The truth is: they are cheaters! They cheat
their mycorrhizal fungus in taking nutrients and carbon, whereas
usually the plant gives assimilates to the fungus. We do not know yet
if there is any advantage for the fungus at all, but I fear there is
no. However, the little loss of carbon through a small plantlet
shouldn't hurt much a fungus that probably is
established in numerous other green plants.

